What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition that damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss—primarily affecting peripheral vision. This means you may see clearly in the center of your vision while gradually losing sight in the outer areas. Because glaucoma develops slowly, many people don’t realize they have it until significant vision loss has occurred.
As the condition advances, central vision can also be affected, and if left untreated, glaucoma may lead to complete blindness. Early detection is crucial, which is why regular eye exams with an optometrist are essential for maintaining good eye health. If you’re experiencing any symptoms of glaucoma or are at risk, schedule an eye test today.
What Causes Glaucoma?
One of the primary causes of glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), also known as intraocular hypertension. To understand why eye pressure increases, it helps to first understand the structure of the eye.
The eye is a complex organ, with a large white outer layer surrounded by a network of nerves. At the front, a circular opening called the pupil allows light to enter. The pupil appears black because the inside of the eye is dark unless illuminated. Surrounding the pupil is the iris, the colored part of the eye, which expands or contracts to control how much light enters. Behind the pupil, a natural lens focuses light, while a clear, dome-shaped layer at the front (the cornea) protects the eye.
Inside the eye, a clear fluid called aqueous humor continuously circulates, flowing from the chamber behind the pupil into the front section before draining away. Glaucoma occurs when the drainage system becomes blocked or inefficient, causing fluid buildup and increased pressure inside the eye. Over time, this pressure can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
Can You Get Tested for Glaucoma?
Yes, individuals at high risk for glaucoma should undergo regular testing to preserve their vision. Several tests can help detect glaucoma early, including:
OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) – This advanced scan captures detailed 3D images of the retina, optic nerve, macula, and cornea. OCT is useful for early detection and ongoing management of glaucoma, as well as other eye conditions like macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
Visual Field Test – This test maps your complete field of vision. You’ll be asked to focus straight ahead while identifying when a moving light enters your peripheral (side) vision. This helps determine whether glaucoma has affected your sight.
IOP Measurement – A test to measure the internal pressure of the eye, often done using a device called a tonometer.
If glaucoma is diagnosed, your optometrist may recommend repeating these tests periodically—typically once or twice a year—to monitor any changes in vision.
Is There a Cure for Glaucoma? What Are the Best Treatment Options?
While glaucoma cannot be fully cured, it can be effectively managed if detected early. Treatment focuses on lowering intraocular pressure to prevent further vision loss. Depending on the severity of the condition, treatment options may include:
Prescription Eye Drops – The most common first-line treatment, these help reduce eye pressure by either decreasing fluid production or improving drainage.
Oral Medications – In some cases, pills may be prescribed alongside eye drops to further control pressure.
Laser Surgery – A minimally invasive procedure performed while the patient is awake. Numbing drops ensure a painless experience as the laser creates small openings to improve fluid drainage.
Traditional Surgery – In more advanced cases, surgery may be required to create a new drainage pathway and lower eye pressure.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of glaucoma or are at risk, it’s essential to book an appointment with an eye care specialist as soon as possible. Early detection is key to preserving vision and preventing long-term damage.